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What is Tana music?

Author

David Richardson

Updated on February 22, 2026

What is Tana music?

Taan (Hindi: ???) (Urdu: ???‎) is a technique used in the vocal performance of a raga in Hindustani classical music. It involves the singing of very rapid melodic passages using vowels, often the long "a" as in the word "far", and it targets at improvising and to expand weaving together the notes in a fast tempo.

Similarly one may ask, what is aaroh in music?

Aaroh (or Aarohan) is the ascending order of musical notes starting from the Middle Octave Sa to Higher Octave Sa. In the same way Avroh (or Avrohan) is the descending order of notes from Higher Octave Sa to Middle Octave Sa.

One may also ask, how can I practice Taans? The ways to improve your taan:

Practice “sapaat” taan. This means, practice singing the arohan and avarohan of a specific raag at a moderate rhyth without any pause everyday.
Practice more paltas.
Apply layakaari in taan.
Try to introduce permutations and combinations of notes in taan.

Besides, what is Gamak in Indian music?

Gamaka, also known as gamak, refer to ornamentation that is used in the performance of North and South Indian classical music. Gamakas involve the variation of pitch of a note, using heavy forceful oscillations between adjacent and distant notes.

What is Jati in Indian classical music?

JATI - NUMBER OF NOTES IN THE RAG. by David Courtney. The word "jati" or "jaati" literally means a "caste" or "collection; as such it has numerous musical and non-musical usages. In the musical sense it can mean a rhythmic pattern, an ancient musical mode, or the number of notes in a modern mode.

How many alankar are there in music?

Subsequent musical treatises like Sharangdev's Sangeet Ratnakar in the thirteenth century and Ahobal's Sangeet Parijat in the seventeenth century mention 63 and 68 types of Alankars respectively. The Shastras or ancient texts have categorized alankars into two broad groups – Varnalankar and Shabdalankar.

What is Aroha and Avaroha?

Aroha is the successively ascending notes of a raga, starting on the tonic ("Sa"), and ending in the "Sa" in the higher octave. Avaroha is the successively descending notes of a raga, starting on the "Sa" in the higher octave. and ending on the tonic ("Sa"), it is the opposite of aroha.

What is Vadi and Samvadi?

Samavadi. The primary note of the raga is the vadi; the vadi and samvadi are in most cases a fourth or fifth apart. A samvadi is a note of special significance. It is like the ministry to the monarch. A performer will typically try to emphasize the samvadi along with the vadi when improvising on a certain raga.

What is Avirbhav and Tirobhav?

Avirbhav is to make visible the original form of the Raag and Tirobhav is deviating from the original form of the Raag by showing glimpses of a nearby Raag.

What is Sthayi and Antara?

Mukhda is the first paragraph of the song, which initiates the listener into the song. It literally translates to 'face' and aptly so, it introduces the song and sets the tone. Antara is the second paragraph, the one after the mukhda. It is a continuation of the song after where the mukhda has left off.

What is Avroh?

Avroh of a Raag is the sequence of notes in descending order between Tar Shadja (S') and Madhya Shadja (S). Alankar: Alankars literally meaning jewels, are combination of the notes of a Raag. Alankars follow a particular pattern of combination of notes like an ornament and are very effective while rendering Taans.

What is Bandish in Hindustani classical music?

Bandish. Bandish, cheez or gat is a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani vocal or instrumental music. It is set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a tabla or pakhawaj, a steady drone, and melodic accompaniment by a sarangi, violin or harmonium.

What is Khatka in music in Hindi?

??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????; ????????, ????????, ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???-???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???

Why is ornamentation important to Indian music?

Ornamentation in Indian Classical Music (alankar) Together, the various ornaments play a very important role in giving body and expressiveness to a simple melody, making it complete in and of itself without the need for accompaniment.

How do you sing Gamakas?

When you sing gamakas, they should not REQUIRE shaking of your head, so hold your head upright. Keep your chin back towards your neck and not sticking out (like a duck), with your shoulders back. Imagine the sound coming from the back of your throat, not the front of your mouth.

What is Khatka?

Khatka/Gitkari. When a knot or cluster of notes is sung or played very fast and with gusto to decorate or embellish another note, it is called a khatka or gitkari.

What is zamzama?

Zamzama is a Persian word meaning "Thunder," or "Roar", but can also mean "murmur" or "whisper to oneself". As with many Arabic and Persian words, it has been taken into Urdu and is now considered indigenous to that language. The meaning is: addition of notes.

How can I practice Gamakas in Carnatic music?

Your mouth and neck should also be straight. When you sing, avoid shaking your head too much. When you sing gamakas, they should not REQUIRE shaking of your head, so hold your head upright.

Who is the father of music in India?

Purandara Dasa

How many types of Jati are there?

Jati classification. Ragas of Hindustani music are classified in following three Jatis (types) depending on the number of notes used. Quite rarely Chatusvari Jati, four notes scale, is added to these three.

Who invented raga?

'Drupad' was invented by Mansing Tomar (15th century AD) and Khayal by Sultan Hussin Sherky (15th century AD) and Amir Khusrau invented many ragas mixing Indian ragas with Persian Muquams and mela system of classification of ragas developed in the South.

What is Indian classical music called?

It has two major traditions: the North Indian classical music tradition is called Hindustani, while the South Indian expression is called Carnatic. Indian classical music has two foundational elements, raga and tala.

What is Jati dance?

A Jaati is a pattern that gives us the basic feel of a Thalam. Every jaati is denoted by a set of syllables. They are: The Tishra, Chatushra, Khanda, Mishra and Sankeerna.

What is Indian classical music used for?

Because of its contemplative, spiritual nature, Indian classical music is a solitary pursuit that focuses mainly on melodic development. In performance, rhythm also plays an important role, giving texture, sensuality, and a sense of purpose to melody.

What is Indian vocal?

Indian vocal music consists of Classical Music- Dhrupad & Khayal, Semi Classical- Thumri, Ghazal, Bhajan, Qawaali, Light - Bollywood. Singing is usually accompanied by Tabla, Pakhawaj or Dholak. You will have a solid foundation of knowledge to progress to our course on jannatmusic .

Who invented Indian classical music?

During this 16th century period, Tansen studied music and introduced musical innovations, for about the first sixty years of his life with patronage of the Hindu king Ram Chand of Gwalior, and thereafter performed at the Muslim court of Akbar. Many musicians consider Tansen as the founder of Hindustani music.

What are the two types of classical music in India?

The two important genres of Indian classical music are Carnatic music and Hindustani music. Carnatic music is one of the oldest forms of classical music and is related to the Southern part of India.

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