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What is the Infraorbital nerve?

Author

Michael Henderson

Updated on March 01, 2026

What is the Infraorbital nerve?

The infraorbital nerve (ION) is the terminal branch of the maxillary nerve; it supplies the skin and mucous membranes of the middle portion of the face. This nerve is vulnerable to injury during surgical procedures of the middle face.

Also question is, what does the infraorbital nerve supply?

The infraorbital nerve supplies sensory branches to the lower eyelid, the side of the nose, and the upper lip.

Additionally, what is the first branch of the infraorbital nerve? maxillary nerve

Similarly, where does the infraorbital nerve originate?

The middle superior alveolar (dental) nerve originates form the infraorbital nerve as it runs along the infraorbital groove. It passes anteroinferiorly within the outer wall of the maxillary sinus. It also unites with the superior dental plexus and it gives off small branches to innervate the upper premolar teeth.

What is the infraorbital nerve block?

The infraorbital nerve block provides analgesia by introducing anesthetic medication in the distribution of the infraorbital nerve for injury repair, abscess drainage, dental procedures, or pain relief.

What does the Supratrochlear nerve do?

Specifically, the supratrochlear nerve supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the lower part of the forehead near the midline, the conjunctiva, and the upper eyelid. The approximate distribution of the nerves and the sensory distribution can be seen in Figure 2.

What does the ophthalmic nerve do?

The ophthalmic nerve carries sensory information from the scalp and forehead, the upper eyelid, the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, the nose (including the tip of the nose, except alae nasi), the nasal mucosa, the frontal sinuses, and parts of the meninges (the dura and blood vessels).

Where is the mental nerve?

The mental nerve is a sensory nerve that provides feeling to your lower lip, the front of your chin, and a portion of your gums. It's one of the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve's mandibular division.

What does the Nasociliary nerve supply?

The cutaneous nerves of the eyelids come from both the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The supraorbital branches of the frontal nerve, lacrimal nerve, and nasociliary nerve mainly supply the upper eyelid. The nerve supply to the lower eyelid is the infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve.

Which channel ends with Infraorbital foramen?

skeletal structure of face. The infraorbital foramen, an opening into the floor of the eye socket, is the forward end of a canal through which passes the infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve, the second division of the fifth cranial nerve.

What is infraorbital Hypesthesia?

Although infraorbital nerve hypesthesia has been reported as an indication for repair of fractures of the zygomatic complex and is often encountered as an associated finding in fractures of both the orbital floor and inferior orbital rim, it has not been generally regarded as a primary indication for blow-out fracture

What is Vidian nerve?

: a nerve formed by the union of the greater petrosal and the deep petrosal nerves that passes forward through the pterygoid canal in the sphenoid bone and joins the pterygopalatine ganglion.

What is the nerve of the nose?

The olfactory nerves (cranial nerve I) are unique in that their cell bodies lie in the olfactory epithelium (the surface membrane lining the upper parts of the nasal passages), each sending a nerve fibre back to the brain.

Where is the Infraorbital margin?

The infraorbital margin is the lower margin of the eye socket. It consists of the zygomatic bone and the maxilla, on which it separates the anterior and the orbital surface of the body of the maxilla. It is an attachment for the levator labii superioris muscle.

What does the Infraorbital vein drain into?

The infraorbital vein often communicates with the inferior ophthalmic vein. It is formed on the floor of the orbit, courses with the infraorbital nerve and exits via the inferior orbital fissure, draining into the pterygoid venous plexus.

What is the zygomatic nerve?

The zygomatic nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve, itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It travels through the orbit and divides into branches that provide sensory innervation to skin over the zygomatic and temporal bones. Lateral view of the nerves of the orbit.

What is infraorbital area?

The infraorbital region is a component of the midface and can be defined as the anatomical area between the nasal aperture and the zygomatic bone below the inferior rim of the orbit and above the roots of the maxillary canine and premolars (Fig.

What is Pterygopalatine ganglion?

The pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) is one of four parasympathetic ganglia located within the head region, existing as a bilateral pair. The pterygopalatine ganglion may also be referred to as the sphenopalatine ganglion, Meckel's ganglion, or the nasal ganglion.

What does the Infratrochlear nerve affect?

The infratrochlear nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the inferior medial canthus and lateral nose, conjunctiva, caruncle, and lacrimal sac. The lacrimal nerve supplies the lacrimal gland, the lateral upper lid and conjunctiva.

Which one of the following is a branch of the frontal nerve?

The supratrochlear nerve (STN) is a branch of the frontal nerve and supplies sensory innervations to the bridge of the nose, medial part of the upper eyelid, and medial forehead.

What is the main cause of trigeminal neuralgia?

The exact cause of trigeminal neuralgia is not known, but it's often thought to be caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve, or by another medical condition that affects this nerve. The trigeminal nerve – also called the fifth cranial nerve – provides sensation to the face.

What nerves supply the teeth?

The branches of the maxillary nerve supply the upper teeth, the nasal cavity and palate, and the upper part of the cheek. Most of them run through tunnels in the bone.

Is maxilla a cranial nerve?

Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
The maxillary nerve (V2) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (CN V) cranial nerve.

Can sinus congestion cause trigeminal neuralgia?

Mild sphenoid sinusitis is not usually considered to induce trigeminal neuralgia, especially when limited to the maxillary nerve.

What nerves are on forehead?

Sensory innervation of the forehead and anterior scalp is supplied by the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves, being branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. The supraorbital nerve and vessels emerge from the supraorbital foramen or notch and continue superiorly.

Where is the trigeminal ganglion?

The semilunar sensory ganglion (also known as the trigeminal ganglion or Gasserian ganglion) is a thin, crescent-shaped structure situated in Meckel's cave within the middle cranial fossa.

How long does infraorbital nerve block last?

An infraorbital nerve block requires 1-3 mL of the chosen anesthetic agent. Lidocaine (Xylocaine) is the most commonly used agent. The onset of action for lidocaine is approximately 4-6 minutes. The duration of effect is approximately 75 minutes.

When do you use infraorbital nerve block?

Nerve blocks are useful when a wound repair is required over a large area that is innervated by one nerve. They are also useful when local infiltration of the wound may not be possible or could result in tissue damage or distortion.

Can you feel the infraorbital foramen?

Local and Regional Anesthetic Techniques

1. Palpate the infraorbital foramen on the lateral aspect of the maxilla, rostral to the medial canthus of the eye. In larger animals, the infraorbital neurovascular bundle can be palpated under the skin as it leaves the infraorbital canal.

What teeth does the infraorbital nerve innervate?

The infraorbital nerve, a purely sensory branch of the trigeminal nerve (V), courses through the infraorbital canal before entering the face via the infraorbital foramen. It innervates the maxillary cheek teeth, the skin of the nose, skin and mucosa of the muzzle, and the upper lip.

Where do you find infraorbital notch?

Results: In 75 % of the cases the infraorbital foramen was located on the line which is connecting the lateral palpebral commissure to the ala of the nose. The closest distance of infraorbital foramen to the inferior orbital margin and to facial midline was also measured.

What is maxillary nerve block?

A maxillary nerve block is administered to nerves near the upper bone plate of the jaw to numb the face. A maxillary nerve block is a procedure that provides regional anesthesia to parts of the nose, upper jaw, cheek, and mouth.

What does the mental nerve block anesthetize?

The mental nerve block provides anesthesia only to the lower lip and soft tissue of the chin. It does not anesthetize the teeth, which would require an inferior alveolar nerve block. If the foramen is not directly palpable, the anesthetic can be injected into the buccal mucosa between the 2 lower premolar teeth.

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